| Phyla | Classes | Characteristics | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
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Chlorophyta (green algae) Algae are defined as a group of predominantly aquatic, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the true roots, stems, leaves, and specialized multicellular reproductive structures of plants. Algae regenerate by sexual reproduction, or by asexual reproduction, many small algae reproduce asexually by ordinary cell division or by fragmentation, whereas larger algae reproduce by spores. Green algae is different because it is non-vascular. |
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| Angiosperms (flowering plants). Flowering plants are a type of vascular plant that produces flowers in order to reproduce. Flowering plants produce seeds within a fruit. |
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| Dicots (Magnoliopsida) | Two cotyledon, tap roots, stem vascular bundles ringed, major leaf veins are net-like, flowers parts in groups of 4-5. | Roses, Geraniums | |
| Monocots (Liliopsida) | One cotyledon, flower parts in multiple of three, major leaf veins parallel, stem vacular bundles scattered, roots are fibrous. | Grasses, Palm trees. | |
| Filicinophyta/Pteridophyta (ferns) Even though ferns are not seed producing i included the classes and descriptions of the classes. Description: Ferns are plants that do not have flowers. Ferns have roots, stems and leaves. Ferns do not have flowers or seeds; instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores. |
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| Polypodiales | Polypodiales are unique in bearing sporangia with a vertical annulus interrupted by the stalk and stomium. The sporangia are born on stalks 1–3 cells thick and are often long-stalked. Typical fat, smooth roots. | Monarch ferns, staghorn fern | |
| Hydropteridales | They are aquatic, free-floating ferns that grows as an annual or short-lived perennial. The plant has no true roots. Horizontal branching rhizomes float just below the surface and bear three leaves (fronds) at each node. | water clovers, giant salvinia | |
| Marattiales | Many of them have massive, fleshy rootstocks and the largest known fronds of any fern.The sporangia (spore-producing structures), occur on the lower side of the leaves. Typical fat, smooth roots. | Potato ferns, king fern | |
| Ophioglossales | natural group of early vascular plants distinctive in being rootless, rhizomatous, perennial herbs, with unbranched or dichotomously branched stems .Each ophioglossales leaf consists of a sterile segment, which contains the photosynthetic blade or lamina, and a fertile segment, bearing the sporangia. | adder's tongues, leptosporangiate fern. | |
| Coniferophyta (conifers) Conifers usually have needle-shaped or scale-like leaves. Conifers include forms with true cones (such as pines) and others that bear a fruit (such as yews) |
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| Abies (fir) | The needle-like leaves of a true fir grow directly from the branch, and the needle's bases, which are shaped like suction cups, leave circular scars when the leaves fall. Strong taproot. | Evergreen, Korean fir | |
| Pinus (pine) | Cone-bearing evergreens. straight trunk. bark can be dark and furrowed (White Pines) or divided into rectangular plates (Red Pine). Deep tap root. | stone pine, mountain pine. | |
| Picea (spruce) | Spruces are pyramidal trees with whorled branches and thin scaly bark. Each of the linear needlelike leaves are jointed near the stem on a separate woody base. Shallow roots. | Blue spruce, white spruce. | |
| Larix (larch) | Larch trees are large deciduous trees with short needles and cones. Shallow root systems. | European larch, Tamarack | |
| Bryphyta (mosses) Mosses have green, flat structures that resemble true leaves, which absorb water and nutrients; some mosses have small branches. Mosses reproduce by spores. Male mosses have cups on their tops that produce sperm. The female counterpart has eggs between her overlapping leaves. |
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| Marchantiophyta (liverworts) Liverworts are small, green, terrestrial plants. They do not have true roots, stems, or leaves. Instead, they have an above ground leaf-like structure, known as a thallus, and an underground structure, known as a rhizoid. Most liverworts can reproduce asexually by means of gemmae, which are disks of tissues produced by the gametophytic generation. The gemmae are held in special organs known as gemma cups and are dispersed by rainfall. |
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| Cycadophyta (cycads) Cycads typically have a solid and woody trunk with a crown of large, hard, evergreen leaves. They grow very slowly and live a long time (they could be a thousand years old). They were formerly more abundant than they were today. Specialised woody growths on the cones, called sporophylls, bear the sexual parts with those of the male cone producing pollen and on a female cone they bear large ovules which if fertilised develop into seeds. Cycads reproduce by seeds. |
Cycadopsida (Cycads) | Most cycads bear large, coloured, female or male cones. Pollen grains have motile spermatozoa within them, which is a very primitive feature. Cycads reproduce by seeds. Male cone produce pollen and on a female cone they bear large ovules which if fertilised develop into seeds. | Cycadales, Cycadopsida |
| Ginkgophyta (ginkgo) There is only one living species of the ginkgophyta phylum, thereforee the same description to the right would be used here. |
Ginkgopsida (Ginkgo biloba) | The division Ginkgophyta consists of a single living species, Ginkgo biloba. A hardy deciduous tree, woody stem is frequently and irregularly branched and bears broad leaves, which are fan-shaped with dichotomously branched veins. Aerial roots with the roots coming out and are produced around the branches and tree. | Ginkgo biloba |
ps there were other website but i only used them for a sentence or two.